The left and right lung - the authority operatingone of the most important functions in the respiratory system. The right lung is divided into three segments: the upper, middle and lower; left lung has two parts: upper and lower. These five lobes, in turn, are divided into functional segments called pulmonary segments, along with the bronchus, pulmonary artery and vein. Pulmonary slice is one of the landmarks in lung resection.
An extensive part of the respiratory tract, whichIt is in the lung, bronchus called. Bronchus branches 16 times becomes the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar passages and then finally leads to the alveoli. Alveoli (they are in the lung of about 0.3 billion, and their total area - 80 m2) involved in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide process. It is necessary to ensure that sufficient oxygen is supplied through the airways to the alveoli and that enough blood flows from the heart to evaluate the functionality of the lung. As a result of various respiratory diseases, one of these functions or both of them are broken.
The surface is covered with a light two-layermembranes, called pleural membranes. Between them contains a small amount of liquid - pleural fluid. Pleural membrane prevents friction of light while reducing and expanding inside the chest.
Attention! The most serious disease associated with light, is tuberculosis. The main reason for its occurrence - reduced immune defense. That is why it is important prevention of tuberculosis - a proper diet rich in proteins, vitamins and fats.
The main type of movements during gas exchange in the lung -The movement of inhalation and exhalation is called the respiratory movement. The respiratory movement is an autonomous movement controlled by the respiratory center in the medulla oblongata, so the respiratory rate spontaneously increases during exercise. ? The receptors sending information to the respiratory center in the medulla oblongata to increase the respiratory rate are called stretch receptors. They are enclosed in the alveolar wall, carotid glomus and aortic glomus contained in the carotid artery and the main artery, and perceive the partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.
